Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller professor emeritus state university college at buffalo. Centrifugal compressor surgebasics, mechanism mechanical. The centrifugal is a continuous duty compressor, with few moving parts, that is particularly suited to high volume applications. Information contained in this work has been obtained by the. Unit 7 air compressors working of a single stage reciprocating air compressor, calculation of work input, volumetric efficiency, isothermal efficiency, advantages of multi stage compression, two stage compressor with. Compressors and compressed air systems whether installing a new system or altering an existing plant, compressed air systems provide many opportunities to gain long term dollar savings. It is the actual volume delivered by a compressor when reduced to the normal temperature and pressure condition. The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic compressor which depends on transfer of. Applications of air compressors for personal and professional use table of contents i. Special university course for future engineers lecture notes.
They are designed for continuous duty and deliver a relatively pulsation free air flow to your tools or equipment. Civil quiz ebook electrical interview electrical lab electrical mcq electrical mock test electrical quiz engg mechanics notes free books g. In practice, the lower volumetric flow rate is limited to about 0. A 150hp compressor runs 90% loaded 12 hours per day 5 days per week at a delivery pressure of 110psi. Pdf textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning by r. The oil free rotary screw air compressor uses specially designed air ends to compress air without oil in the. Refrigeration and airconditioning nptel online videos.
Compressor is a machine used to compressed air or gas to a final pressure exceeding 241. Various types of traps used are manual drain cocks. Mankind, and without refrigeration and air conditioning the basic fabric of the society. Selection and sizing, third edition is completely updated with new api standards. Surge is a characteristic behaviour of a centrifugal compressor that can occur when inlet flow is reduced such that the head developed by the compressor is insufficient to overcome the pressure at the discharge of the compressor. Duplex 5 hp reciprocating air compressor system triplex 15 hp reciprocating air compressor system the reciprocating medical air system has been highly reliable in its operation for many years in the medical air industry. Mar 05, 2017 lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Nov 14, 2017 single stage compressors consist of only a single impeller and it is use for moving the air or other gases up to 3 to 1 compression ratio for either pressure or vacuum duty. Used compressors for the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical packaging and processing industries used compressors from special projects international. Read here to know about the basics of compressing air and appreciate the reason for air compressor following polytropic or isentropic compression instead of isothermal or adiabatic one. The proper design and operation of air compression systems is very critical. The rotors have an extremely unique shape and also they turn in opposite direct.
Hermetic compressors 194 compressor types 194 newer models designations and coding 202. In this section of mechanical books you will find compressor handbook pdf for direct downlod. Refrigeration and air conditioning free online course video tutorial by iit kharagpur. It is defined as the ratio of volume of air before compression to the volume of air after compression. Additions requested by readers include a new section on diaphragm compressors in the reciprocating compressors chapter, and a new section on rotor dynamics stability in the chapter on diaphragm compressors. Elliotts multistage centrifugal compressors lead the industry in both performance and reliability. In pneumatic system compressors, typically the vane, lobe, screw or cylindrical piston.
Air behaves like the ideal gas and follows the laws. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. Low capacity compressors, having air delivery capacity of 0. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice. The free air has some density or the given mass of gas occupies certain volume in free space. We will update this page when we find something new. Therefore, air inlets must be placed in contaminant free environments. Compressors, fans, and blowers are devices which are designed in such a way that they deliver gas at a pressure which is more than the genuinely existing pressurethe features like a rise in pressure, working pressure, mechanical design and specific speed become the basis for the classification and differentiation. At amico, we further improve upon this technology by providing customers an even more reliable, oilless reciprocating. The future of air compressor systems has been a constant research topic among industrialists. It is very useful for all kind of gate, ssc, ese and other competitive examinations. Reduction of speed of incoming air and conversion of part of it into pressure energy. Books are collected from various sources and are uploaded already on the internet. It utilizes two asymmetrical rotors that are likewise called helical screws to compress the air.
The modern techniques of heat recovery systems in air compressors and use of variable speed drives have been briefly detailed to provide a view into a bright future of air compressor systems. These type of compressors are considered to have a beam design or an overhung impeller arrangement. The centrifugal is a continuous duty compressor, with few moving parts, that is particularly suited to high volume. When air is sucked into the compressor, it brings with it water vapour. It is the volume of air delivered by compressor under the compressor. Herewith we have shared the compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mechanical engineering multiple choice questions and answers pdf. Vtunptelnmeict project progress report the project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. There are a number of ways to compress gas, and over the years many different types of compressors have been invented to do so. Iit kharagpur notes converted into high quality audio source nptel. The fluid here is generally air since liquids are theoretically incompressible.
The centrifugal air compressor is an oil free compressor by design. A positivedisplacement compressor traps air into a compression chamber and reduces the volume of the chamber. Find the amount of free air dealt with by the compressor per minute at a pressure of 1. Property relationships for pure substances and mixtures, thermodynamic relations, ideal gas mixtures, combustion thermodynamics, gas power cycles, vapour power cycles, refrigeration cycles, reciprocating compressors, compressible flows and steam nozzles. Multistage compressors compressor without clearance volume the cycle of operation the cycle of operation of. Because air compressors require regular maintenance and occasional repair, preventive maintenance must be done to keep them working at maximum capacity. Youve figured out how much air you need, how you are going to drive the compressor and what engine you are going to use to power it. Refrigeration and air conditioning free video lectures. George medhurst of england designed the first motorized air compressor in 1799 and used it in mining. Compressed air system bureau of energy efficiency 47.
The purpose of this publication is to help users understand the basics of compressed air as a power source and to provide initial technical guidance for selecting the right air compressor for specific applications. The reciprocating air compressor may be singleacting air is admitted to one. Applications of air compressors how to use quincy compressor. Increased aerodynamic efficiency elliott uses stateoftheart interactive design. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Mechanical engineering refrigeration and air conditioning nptel. Air compressors air compressor used for generation of compressed air is selected on the basis of desired delivery pressure and flow rate. When the air is compressed the pressure and the temperature of the air goes up and the result is that the compressed air will have a relative humidity of about 100% and it will be warm. The following types of compressors are used depending the required flow rate of air and maximum delivery pressure piston type or reciprocating compressors rotary type compressorsvane type or screw type.
The capacity of a compressor is generally given in terms of free air delivery. The oil lubricated running gear is separated from the air by shaft seals and atmospheric vents. In many cases, a properly designed heat recovery unit can recover anywhere from 50 to 90 percent of this available thermal energy and put it to useful work heating air or water. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice test. It is the quantity of air actually delivered by a compressor in m 3 minute or m 3 sec. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor compressors are similar to pumps. Read here to know about various types of air compressors used and get a clear inside view of each type of compressor with the attached pictures. Khurmi a textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning is an aptly written textbooks for the students of mechanical engineering while also a mustread for anyone with an interest in the subject.
Ingersoll rands diverse and innovative products range from complete air compressor systems, tools, aro pumps, material handling systems and more. Download textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning by r. Reduction of speed of incoming air and conversion of part of it. The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic compressor, which depends on. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. Rotating compressors are the an additional kind of famous compressors. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice test set 01. Types of air compressors for your industrial engine youve decided that your current application needs compressed air.
Centrifugal air compressors are oil free and the oil lubricated running gear is separated from the air by shaft seals and atmospheric vents. Nptel mechanical engineering refrigeration and air. Jul 12, 2017 free ppt and pdf download for compressor. Pradeep, department of aerospace engineering, iit bombay. It is important to have a complete understanding of the. Like reference 4, there are carbon monoxide monitor and alarm. Estimate the energy and cost savings if the pressure is reduced to. Describe various air cycle refrigeration systems section 9. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. It is the volume of air delivered by compressor under the compressor intake conditions i.
Ingersoll rand provides products, services and solutions that enhance our customers energy efficiency, productivity and operations. Oil free rotary screw air compressors are available air cooled and water cooled and provide the same flexibility as oil flooded rotaries when oil free air is required. Reference 5 requires testing breathing air compressors quarterly to ensure grade d air quality is met. We also enhance productivity through solutions created by club car, the global leader in golf and utility vehicles. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. Positive displacement compressors cab be further divided into reciprocating and rotary compressors. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate.
Nov 05, 2016 iit kharagpur notes converted into high quality audio source nptel. Reference 4 states that breathing air must be monitored quarterly and the results retained in the safety office for five years. The central focus is on packaged complete unit air compressors, most commonly used in. Single stage compressors consist of only a single impeller and it is use for moving the air or other gases up to 3 to 1 compression ratio for either pressure or vacuum duty. Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller professor emeritus state university college at buffalo buffalo, new york mark r. Lubricated types are available in sizes ranging from 100 to cfm, with discharge pressure up to 10 bar. With the decrease of volumetric efficiency, the capacity quantity of free air. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mechanical. Miller professor, industrial technology the university of texas at tyler. It is the volume of air delivered by the compressor, and is expressed in m3min or m 3s. These were the books of refrigeration and air conditioning. The importance of humidity to air compressors is as follows. Report broken links to contact us compressors introduction download a practical guide to compressor technology second edition download atlas copco compressed air manual 8th.